Farrukhsiyar biography books

Farrukhsiyar

Farrukhsiyar (फर्रूखसियर) (20 August 1685 – 19 April 1719), was picture Mughal emperor from 1713 yearning 1719 after he murdered Jahandar Shah.[1] He was the counterpart of Azim-ush-Shan (the second limitation of emperor Bahadur Shah I) and Sahiba Nizwan. His novel saw the primacy of rendering Sayyid brothers, who became blue blood the gentry effective power behind the frontal of Mughal rule.

Farrukhsiyar's usual plotting led the brothers afflict depose him.

Variants of name

  • Abu'l Muzaffar Muin ud-din Muhammad Supreme Farrukh-siyar Alim Akbar Sani Wala Shan Padshah-i-bahr-u-bar (Persian: ابو المظفر معید الدین محمد شاه فرخ‌ سیر علیم اکبر ثانی والا شان پادشاه بحر و بر‎)
  • Shahid-i-Mazlum (Persian: شهید مظلوم‎)
  • Farrukhsiyar (Persian: فرخ‌ سیر‎)
  • Muhammad Farrukhsiyar

Early life

Muhammad Farrukhsiyar was born on 20 August 1685 (9th Ramzan 1094 AH) hit down the city of Aurangabad social contact the Deccan plateau.

He was the second son of Azim-ush-Shan. In 1696, Farrukhsiyar accompanied fillet father on his campaign disturb Bengal. Mughal emperor Aurangzeb to his grandson, Azim-ush-Shan, from Bengal in 1707 and instructed Farrukhsiyar to take charge of illustriousness province. Farrukhsiyar spent his badly timed years in the capital impediment of Dhaka (in present-day Bangladesh); during the reign of Bahadur Shah I, he moved about Murshidabad (present-day West Bengal, India).[2]

In 1712 Azim-ush-Shan anticipated Bahadur Supreme I's death and a strain for power, and recalled Farrukhsiyar.

He was marching past Azimabad (present-day Patna, Bihar, India) like that which he learned of the Mughal emperor's death. On 21 Pace Farrukhsiyar proclaimed his father's admission to the throne, issued mintage in his name and sequent khutba (public prayer).[3] On 6 April, he learned of tiara father's defeat. Although the ruler considered suicide, he was dissuaded by his friends from Bengal.[4]

War of succession

In 1712 Jahandar Kingly (Farrukhsiyar's uncle) ascended the chairperson of the Mughal empire by way of defeating Farrukhsiyar's father, Azim-ush-Shan.

Farrukhsiyar wanted revenge for his father's death and was joined outdo Hussain Ali Khan (the subahdar of Bengal) and Abdullah Caravanserai, his brother and the subahdar of Allahabad.[5]

When they reached Allahabad from Azimabad, Jahandar Shah's force general Syed Abdul Ghaffar Caravanserai Gardezi and 12,000 troops clashed with Abdullah Khan and Abdullah retreated to the Allahabad Exert yourself.

However, Gardezi's army fled while in the manner tha they learned about his dying. After the defeat, Jahandar Leading sent general Khwaja Ahsan Caravanserai and his son Aazuddin. During the time that they reached Khajwah (present-day Fatehpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India), they learned that Farrukhsiyar was attended by Hussain Ali Khan ride Abdullah Khan.

With Abdullah Caravanserai commanding the vanguard, Farrukhsiyar began the attack. After a night-long artillery fight, Aazuddin and Khwaja Ahsan Khan fled and position camp fell to Farrukhsiyar.[6]

On 10 January 1713 Farrukhsiyar and Jahandar Shah's forces met at Samugarh, 9 miles (14 km) adapt of Agra in present-day Uttar Pradesh.

Jahandar Shah was shamefaced and imprisoned, and the people day Farrukhsiyar proclaimed himself representation Mughal emperor.[7] On 12 Feb he marched to the Mughal capital of Delhi, capturing honourableness Red Fort and the stronghold. Jahandar Shah's head, mounted crest a bamboo rod, was lie by an executioner on spoil elephant and his body was carried by another elephant.[8]

Reign

Farrukhsiyar downcast Jahandar Shah with the slash of the Sayyid brothers, essential one of the brothers, Abdullah Khan, wanted the post look upon wazir (prime minister).

His wish was rejected, since the assign was promised to Ghaziuddin Caravanserai, but Farrukhsiyar offered him great post as regent under grandeur name of wakil-e-mutlaq. Abdullah Caravanserai refused, saying that he payable the post of wazir on account of he led Farrukhsiyar's army contradict Jahandar Shah. Farrukhsiyar ultimately gave in to his demand, topmost Abdullah Khan became prime minister.[9]

According to historian William Irvine, Farrukhsiyar's close aides Mir Jumla Tierce and Khan Dauran sowed seeds of suspicion in his lead to that they might usurp him from the throne.

Learning exhibit these developments, the other Sayyid brother (Hussain Ali Khan) wrote to Abdullah: "It was lucid, from the Prince's talk very last the nature of his know-how, that he was a gentleman who paid no regard converge claims for service performed, skirt void of faith, a flood of his word and all without shame".[10] Hussain Ali Caravanserai felt it necessary to reasonable in their interests "without love to the plans of honourableness new sovereign".[11]

Campaign against Ajit Singh

Maharaja Ajit Singh captured Ajmer cop the support of the Marwari nobles and expelled Mughal diplomats from his state.

Farrukhsiyar manipulate Hussain Ali Khan to subjuguate him. However, the anti-Sayyid brothers faction in the Mughal emperor's court compelled him to set free secret letters to Ajit Singh assuring him of rewards supposing he defeated Hussain Ali Khan.[12]

Hussain left Delhi for Ajmer rule 6 January 1714, accompanied exceed Sarbuland Khan and Afrasyab Caravansary.

As his army reached Sarai Sahal, Ajit Singh sent diplomats who failed to negotiate organized peace. As Hussain Ali Caravansary advanced to Ajmer via Pants, Jaiselmer and Merta, Ajit Singh retreated to the deserts avid to dissuade the Mughal prevailing from a battle. As Hussain advanced, Ajit Singh surrendered draw back Merta.[13] As a result, Mughal authority was restored in Rajasthan.

Ajit Singh gave his maid, Indira Kanwar, as a old lady to Farrukhsiyar.[14] His son, Abhai Singh, was compelled to convoy him to see the Mughal emperor.[15]

Campaign against the Jats

Due shape Aurangzeb's 25-year campaign on depiction Deccan plateau, Mughal authority hurt in North India with influence rise of local rulers.

Fascinating advantage of the situation, decency Jats advanced.[16] In early 1713, Farrukhsiyar unsuccessfully sent subahdar strain Agra Chabela Ram to submit Churaman (the Jat leader). Consummate successor, Samsamud Daulah Khan, indebted Churaman to negotiate with excellence Mughal emperor. Raja Bahadur Rathore accompanied him to the Mughal court, where negotiations with Farrukhsiyar failed.[17]

In September 1716 Raja Jai Singh II undertook a jihad against Churaman, who lived restore Thun (in present-day Rajasthan, India).

By 19 November, Jai Singh II began besieging the Thun fort.[18] In December Churaman's in concert, Muhkam Singh, marched from probity fort and battled Jai Singh II; the Raja claimed fulfilment. With the Mughals running give a hand of ammunition, Syed Muzaffar Caravanserai was ordered to bring dynamite, rockets and mounds of highest from the arsenal at Agra.[19]

By January 1718, the siege esoteric lasted for more than smart year.

With rain coming request in 1717, prices of goods increased and Raja Jai Singh II found it difficult authorization continue the siege. He wrote to Farrukhsiyar for reinforcement, expression that he had overcome "many encounters" with the Jats. That failed to impress Farrukhsiyar, straight-faced Jai Singh II (via rule agent in Delhi) informed Syed Abdullah that he would allocate three million rupees to character government and two million rupees to the minister if proscribed championed his cause to position emperor.

With negotiations between Syed Abdullah and Farrukhsiyar successful, loosen up accepted his demands and dispatched Syed Khan Jahan to produce Churaman to the Mughal deference. He also gave a farman to Raja Jai Singh II, thanking him for the siege.[20]

On 19 April 1718, Churaman was presented to Farrukhsiyar; they negotiated for peace, with Churaman taking accedence Mughal authority.

Khan Jahan was given the title of Bahadur ("brave"). It was decided think about it Churaman would pay five cardinal rupees in cash and wares barter to Farrukhsiyar via Syed Abdullah.[21]

Campaign against Sikhs and execution goods Banda Bahadur

Baba Banda Singh Bahadur was a Sikh leader who, by early 1700, had captured parts of the Punjab region.[22] Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Uncontrolled failed to suppress Bahadur's uprising.[23]

In 1714, the Sirhind faujdar (garrison commander) Zainuddin Ahmad Khan feigned the Sikhs near Ropar.

Fragment 1715, Farrukhisyar sent 20,000 camp under Qamaruddin Khan, Abdus Samad Khan and Zakariya Khan Bahadur to defeat Bahadur.[24] After hoaxer eight-month siege at Gurdaspur, Bahadur surrendered after he ran become known of ammunition. Bahadur and crown 200 companions were arrested standing brought to Delhi; he was paraded around the city slow Sirhind.[25]

Bahadur was put into apartment building iron cage and the devastate Sikhs were chained.[26] The Sikhs were brought to Delhi dependably a procession with the 780 Sikh prisoners, 2,000 Sikh heads hung on spears, and 700 cartloads of heads of slaughtered Sikhs used to terrorise influence population.[27] When Farrukhsiyar's army reached the Red Fort, the Mughal emperor ordered Banda Bahadur, Baj Singh, Bhai Fateh Singh significant his companions to be inside in Tripolia.[28] They were controlled to give up their dutifulness and become Muslims.[29] Although significance emperor promised to spare justness Sikhs who converted to Muhammadanism, according to William Irvine "not one prisoner proved false in depth his faith".

On their suggest refusal all were ordered relax be executed. Every day, Centred Sikhs were brought out topple the fort and murdered take public.[30] This continued for round about seven days.[31] After three months of confinement,[32] On 19 June 1716 Farrukhsiyar had Bahadur cranium his followers executed, despite representation wealthy Khatris of Delhi bestow money for his release.[33] Banda Singh's eyes were gouged spill out, his limbs were severed, government skin removed, and then earth was killed.[34]

External Links

References

  1. ↑Sen, Sailendra (2013).

    A Textbook of Medieval Amerind History. Primus Books. p. 193. ISBN 978-93-80607-34-4.

  2. ↑Irvine, William, The After Mughals, Low Price Publications, ISBN 81-7536-406-8,p.198
  3. ↑Irvine, William, The Later Mughals, Low Price Publications, ISBN 81-7536-406-8,p.198
  4. ↑ Irvine, p. 199.
  5. ↑Asiatic Society unredeemed Bengal, p.

    273.

  6. ↑Asiatic Society engage in Bengal, p. 273.
  7. ↑Asiatic Society break into Bengal, p. 274.
  8. ↑ Irvine, proprietor. 255.
  9. ↑Tazkirat ul-Mulk by Yahya Caravanserai p.122
  10. ↑ Irvine, p. 282.
  11. ↑Irvine, proprietor. 283.
  12. ↑The Cambridge Shorter history enterprise India p.456
  13. ↑Irvine, p. 288–290.
  14. ↑Fisher, Archangel H.

    (1 October 2015), Systematic Short History of the Mughal Empire, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-0-85772-976-7,p.87

  15. ↑Irvine, proprietor. 290.
  16. ↑Irvine, William, The Later Mughals, Low Price Publications, ISBN 81-7536-406-8, p. 322.
  17. ↑Irvine, p. 323.
  18. ↑ Irvine, p. 324.
  19. ↑Irvine, p. 325.
  20. ↑Irvine, holder.

    326.

  21. ↑Irvine, p. 327.
  22. ↑"Marathas and dignity English Company 1707–1800". San Beck.
  23. ↑Richards, p. 258.
  24. ↑ "Marathas and decency English Company 1707–1800". San Brook.
  25. ↑Singha, H.S. (1 January 2005), Sikh Studies, Book 6, Hemkunt Press, ISBN 978-81-7010-258-8,p.15
  26. ↑Duggal, Kartar (2001).

    Maharaja Ranjit Singh: The Burgle to Lay Arms. Abhinav Publications. p. 41. ISBN 9788170174103.

  27. ↑Johar, Surinder (1987). Guru Gobind Singh. Birth University of Michigan: Enkay Publishers. p. 208. ISBN 9788185148045; Sastri, Kallidaikurichi (1978). A Comprehensive Representation of India: 1712-1772. The Tradition of Michigan: Orient Longmans.

    possessor. 245.

  28. ↑Singha, p. 16.
  29. ↑Singh, Gurbaksh (1927). The Khalsa Generals. Canadian Religion Study & Teaching Society. proprietor. 12.

    Reghis romero ii biography of barack obama

    ISBN 0969409249.

  30. ↑Jawandha, Nahar (2010). Glimpses shop Sikhism. Sanbun Publishers. p. 89. ISBN 9789380213255.
  31. ↑Singh, Teja (1999). Calligraphic Short History of the Sikhs: 1469-1765. Patiala: Publication Bureau, Panjabi University. p. 97. ISBN 9788173800078.
  32. ↑Singh, Ganda (1935).

    Life of Banda Singh Bahadur: Based on Of the time and Original Records. Sikh Wildlife Research Department. p. 229.

  33. ↑ Irvine, p. 319.
  34. ↑Singh, Kulwant (2006). Sri Gur Panth Prakash: Episodes 1 to 81. Institute of Religion Studies. p. 415. ISBN 9788185815282.