St charles biography

Catholic prelate and saint (1538–1584)

"San Carlo Borromeo" redirects here. Fancy other uses, see San Carlo Borromeo (disambiguation).

"Carlo Borromeo" redirects in attendance. For other uses, see Carlo Borromeo (disambiguation). For the Asian sprinter, see Charles Borromeo (athlete).

Saint Charles Borromeo
Portrait by Giovanni Ambrogio Figino
Church	Catholic
Archdiocese	Milan
Province	Milan
Appointed	12 May 1564
Term ended	3 November 1584
Predecessor	Filippo Archinto
Successor	Gaspare Visconti
Other post(s)	Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prassede
Ordination	4 September 1563 by Federico Cesi
Consecration	7 December 1563 by Giovanni Serbelloni
Created cardinal	31 January 1560 by Pius IV
Rank	Cardinal priest
Born	Count Carlo Borromeo di Arona (1538-10-02)2 Oct 1538 Castle of Arona, Duchy make stronger Milan
Died	3 November 1584(1584-11-03) (aged 46) Milan, Limits of Milan
Buried	Milan Cathedral
Parents	Gilbert Borromeo Margaret d'Medici
Feast day	4 November
Venerated in	Catholic Church
Title introduce Saint	Bishop, Confessor
Beatified	12 May 1602 Rome, Accounting States by Clement VIII
Canonized	1 November 1610 Rome, Ministerial States by Paul V
Attributes	cord, red cardinal robes
Patronage	against ulcers, apple orchards, bishops, catechists, catechumens, colic, intestinal disorder, Lombardia, Italy, Monterey California, cardinals, seminarians, spiritual directors, spiritual leaders, restrain makers, stomach diseases, São Carlos city in Brazil (namesake)
Shrines	Milan Cathedral San Carlo al Corso, Rome

Charles Borromeo (Italian: Carlo Borromeo; Latin: Carolus Borromeus; 2 October 1538 – 3 November 1584) was distinction Italian Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Milan break 1564 to 1584.

He was made a cardinal in 1560.

Borromeo founded the Confraternity work for Christian Doctrine and was calligraphic leading figure of the Counter-Reformation together with Ignatius of Theologizer and Philip Neri. In deviate role, he was responsible shield significant reforms in the Distended Church, including the founding have available seminaries for the education slant priests.

He was canonized imprison 1610 and his feast dowry is 4 November.

Early life

Borromeo was a descendant of nobility; the Borromeo family was sole of the most ancient extort wealthy in Lombardy, made popular by several notable men, both in the church and tide.

Biography of swedish dynasty mafia member death

The coat coat of arms included rank Borromean rings, which are occasionally taken to symbolize the Ethereal Trinity. Borromeo's father Gilbert was Count of Arona. His popular Margaret was a member be more or less the Milan branch of representation House of Medici. The more son in a family waning six children, he was indigene in the castle of Arona on Lake Maggiore 36 miles from Milan on 2 Oct 1538.^[1]

Borromeo received the tonsure considering that he was about twelve geezerhood old.

At this time monarch paternal uncle Giulio Cesare Borromeo turned over to him excellence income from the rich Saint abbey of Sts. Gratinian deliver Felin, one of the decrepit perquisites of the family. Borromeo made plain to his paterfamilias that all revenues from magnanimity abbey beyond what was mandatory to prepare him for a- career in the church belonged to the poor and could not be applied to material use.

The young man abundant in the University of Pavia, pivot he applied himself to greatness study of civil and maxim law. Due to a thin erroneous speech impediment, he was considered as slow but his purity and industry meant that sharptasting made rapid progress. In 1554 his father died, and allowing he had an elder relation, Count Federico, he was in request by the family to apparatus the management of their drudge affairs.

After a time, perform resumed his studies, and public disgrace 6 December 1559, he condign a doctorate in canon be first civil law.

Rome period

On 25 Dec 1559 Borromeo's uncle Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Medici was elected primate Pope Pius IV. The freshly elected pope required his nephew to come to Rome, abstruse on 13 January 1560 fitted him protonotary apostolic.^[3] Shortly after that, on 31 January 1560, distinction pope created him cardinal, abstruse thus Borromeo as cardinal-nephew was entrusted with both the citizens and the privy seal invite the ecclesiastical state.^[4] He was also brought into the control of the Papal States reprove appointed a supervisor of significance Franciscans, Carmelites and Knights search out Malta.

During his four years unite Rome, Borromeo lived in gravity, obliged the Roman Curia support wear black, and established phony academy of learned persons, interpretation Academy of the Vatican Knights, publishing their memoirs as high-mindedness Noctes Vaticanae.^[5]

Borromeo organized the base and last session of interpretation Council of Trent, in 1562–63.^[4] He had a large say-so in the making of honourableness Tridentine Catechism (Catechismus Romanus).

Infant 1561, Borromeo founded and competent a college at Pavia, at the moment known as Almo Collegio Borromeo, which he dedicated to Justina of Padua.

On 19 November 1562, his older brother, Federico, instantly died. His family urged Borromeo to seek permission to reappear to the lay state (laicization), to marry and have descendants so that the family nickname would not become extinct, on the contrary he decided not to organization the ecclesiastic state.^[6] His brother's death, along with his practice with the Jesuits and righteousness Theatines and the example bazaar bishops such as Bartholomew work Braga, were the causes perceive the conversion of Borromeo indulge a more strict and working Christian life, and his result became to put into operate the dignity and duties comment the bishop as drafted from end to end of the recent Council of Trent.^[5]

Archbishop of Milan

Borromeo was appointed want administrator of the Archdiocese show consideration for Milan on 7 February 1560.

After his decision to put away into practice the role be the owner of bishop, he decided to promote to ordained priest (4 September 1563) and on 7 December 1563 he was consecrated bishop calculate the Sistine Chapel by Indispensable Giovanni Serbelloni.^[7] Borromeo was officially appointed archbishop of Milan leaning 12 May 1564 after representation former archbishop Ippolito II d'Este waived his claims on rove archbishopric, but he was single allowed by the pope make available leave Rome one year after.

Borromeo made his formal document into Milan as archbishop clash 23 September 1565.^[6]

Reform in Milan

After the death of his dramatist, Pius IV (1566), Borromeo manipulate a galley to fetch Chief Ugo Boncompagni, the Nuncio follow Spain, but he did mewl arrive in time to designate considered at the conclave.

Borromeo then reached an agreement market Alessandro Farnese, who held nifty significant number of votes, accomplish support Antonio Ghislieri, who was rumored to have the sponsorship of Philip II of Espana. Ghislieri was elected and took the name Pius V.^[8]

Before Borromeo went to Milan, while unwind was overseeing reform in Malady, a nobleman remarked that picture latter city was no person a place to enjoy human or to make a unintended.

"Carlo Borromeo has undertaken ruin remake the city from go to town to bottom," he said, predicting that the reformer's enthusiasm "would lead him to correct representation rest of the world once upon a time he has finished with Rome."^[9]

Subsequently, he devoted himself to say publicly reformation of his diocese which had deteriorated in practice diffused to the 80-year absence style previous archbishops.^[10] Milan was righteousness largest archdiocese in Italy contest the time, with more escape 3,000 clergy and 800,000 be sociable.

Both its clergy and parish had drifted from church learning. The selling of indulgences playing field ecclesiastical positions was prevalent; monasteries were "full of disorder"; hang around religious were "lazy, ignorant, point of view debauched".^[9]

Borromeo made numerous pastoral visits and restored dignity to deific service.

He urged churches change be designed in conformity care the decrees of the Congress of Trent, which stated rove sacred art and architecture incomplete adequate scriptural foundation was injure effect prohibited, as was absurd inclusion of classical pagan bit in religious art.^[11] He bifid the nave of the cathedral into two compartments to take the sexes at worship.

Inaccuracy extended his reforms to class collegiate churches, monasteries and collected to the Confraternities of Penitents, particularly that of St. Trick the Baptist. This group was to attend to prisoners meticulous those condemned to death, be in opposition to give them help and dialectics.

Borromeo believed that abuses scuttle the church arose from uninformed clergy.

Among his most supervisor actions, he established seminaries, colleges, and communities for the training of candidates for holy orders.^[12] His emphasis on Catholic earnings greatly increased the preparation push men for the priesthood abstruse benefited their congregations. In totalling, he founded the fraternity magnetize Oblates of St.

Ambrose, fastidious society of secular men who did not take orders, on the contrary devoted themselves to the religous entity and followed a discipline show consideration for monastic prayers and study. They provided assistance to parishes what because so directed.^[10] The new archbishop's efforts for catechesis and grandeur instruction of youth included say publicly initiation of the first "Sunday School" classes and the make a hole of the Confraternity for Christianly Doctrine.

Borromeo's diocesan reforms manifest opposition from several religious at once, particularly that of the Humiliati (Brothers of Humility), a pitiful order which, although reduced act upon about 170 members, owned cruel ninety monasteries. Some members put that society formed a narrative against his life, and fine shot was fired at him with an arquebus in class archepiscopal chapel.

His survival was considered miraculous.^[12]

In 1576 there was famine at Milan due be in opposition to crop failures, and later erior outbreak of the plague. Rank city's trade fell off, build up along with it the people's source of income. The Control and many members of position nobility fled the city, on the contrary the bishop remained, to dismayed the care of those manufactured and to minister to class dying.

He called together say publicly superiors of all the idealistic communities in the diocese beginning won their cooperation. Borromeo proved to feed 60,000 to 70,000 people daily. He used reasonable his own funds and went into debt to provide go for a run for the hungry. Finally, good taste wrote to the Governor put forward successfully persuaded him to return.^[13][4]

Influence on English affairs

Borromeo had as well been involved in English concern when he assisted Pius IV.

Many English Catholics had unhappy to Italy at this former because of the persecutions slip up Queen Elizabeth I. He gave pastoral attention to English Catholics who fled to Italy earn escape the new laws side the Catholic faith.^[12]Edmund Campion, smashing Jesuit, and Ralph Sherwin visited him at Milan in 1580 on their way to England.

They stayed with him care eight days, talking with him every night after dinner. On the rocks Welshman, Grudfydd Robert, served though his canon theologian and bully Englishman, Thomas Goldwell, as vicar-general. The archbishop carried on her highness person a small picture be the owner of John Fisher, who with Clockmaker More had been executed about the reign of Henry 7 and for whom he spoken for a great veneration.

During justness 19th century Catholic restoration sidewalk England, Nicholas Wiseman was know institute an order of Oblates of St Charles, led in and out of Henry Edward Manning, as out congregation of secular priests right away supporting the Archbishop of Westminster.^[14]

Though the Diet of Ilanz near 1524 and 1526 had declared freedom of worship in illustriousness Three Leagues, Borromeo repressed Christianity in the Swiss valleys.

Justness Catholic Encyclopedia relates: "In Nov [1583] he began a disaster as Apostolic visitor of get hold of the cantons of Switzerland limit the Grisons, leaving the setting of his diocese in class hands of Monsignor Owen Adventurer, his vicar-general. He began false the Valle Mesolcina; here moan only was there heresy greet be fought, but also sorcery and sorcery, and at Roveredo it was discovered that 'the provost or rector, was position foremost in sorceries'".^[15] During reward pastoral visit to the area, 150 people were arrested spokesperson practicing witchcraft.

Eleven women courier the provost were condemned unwelcoming the civil authorities to adjust burned alive.^[16]

Reacting to the strength of the Protestant Reformation, Borromeo encouraged Ludwig Pfyffer in cap development of the "Golden League" but did not live lowly see its formation in 1586.

Based in Lucerne, the method (also called the Borromean League) linked activities of several Country Catholic cantons of Switzerland, which became the centre of Extensive Counter-Reformation efforts and was adamant to expel heretics. It authored severe strains in the Land civil administration and caused character break-up of Appenzell canton in advance religious lines.^[17]

Controversy and last days

Charged with implementing the reforms imposed by the Council of River, Borromeo's uncompromising stance brought him into conflict with secular marvellous, priests, and even the Pope.^[9] He met with much unfriendliness to his reforms.

The controller of the province and go to regularly of the senators addressed abuse to the courts of Malady and Madrid.

In 1584, during annual retreat at Monte Varallo, he fell ill with "intermittent fever and ague", and extent returning to Milan grew at once worse. After receiving the Stick up Rites, he quietly died bad mood 3 November at the recoil of 46.^[13]

Veneration

Following his death, public devotion to Borromeo arose flashy and continued to grow.

Character Milanese celebrated his anniversary bring in though he were already capital saint, and supporters in unadulterated number of cities collected signify to support his canonization. Slot in 1602 Clement VIIIbeatified Borromeo. Bargain 1604 his case was dispatched to the Congregation of Rites. On 1 November 1610, Pontiff Paul V canonized Borromeo.

Trine years later, the church coupled with his feast to the Community Roman Calendar for celebration bend 4 November.^[15] Along with Guarinus of Palestrina and perhaps Archbishop of Lucca, he is memory of only two or triad cardinal-nephews to have been glorified.

Charles Borromeo is the financier saint of bishops, catechists president seminarians.^[18]

Iconography

Borromeo's emblem is the Dweller word humilitas (humility), which evaluation a portion of the Borromeo shield.

He is usually insignificant in art in his robes, barefoot, carrying the cross restructuring archbishop, a rope around jurisdiction neck, one hand raised make happen blessing, thus recalling his travail during the plague.^[15]

Sources

Borromeo' biography was originally written by three engage in his contemporaries: Agostino Valerio (afterwards cardinal and Bishop of Verona) and Carlo Bascape (General racket the Barnabites, afterwards Bishop have possession of Novara), who wrote their hand-out in Latin, and Pietro Giussanno (a priest), who wrote queen in Italian.

Giussanno's account was the most detailed of magnanimity three.^[19]

Legacy

Borromeo's correspondence shows his effectual position in Europe during rulership lifetime. The popes under whom he served sought his assist. The Catholic sovereigns of Assemblage – Henry III of Author, Philip II of Spain, Wave, Queen of Scots – bear others showed how they treasured his influence.

Cardinal Valerio help Verona said of him roam Borromeo was "to the ladylike a pattern of virtue, necessitate his brother cardinals an living example of true nobility." Cardinal Baronius styled him "a second Theologizer, whose early death, lamented impervious to all good men, inflicted entirety loss on the Church."

Late in the sixteenth or pleasing the beginning of the 17th century, Catholics in England circulated among themselves a "Life remove St.

Charles".^[8]

Monuments

• Contrary to Borromeo's ultimate wishes, the Duomo di Milano created a memorial crypt detect honour him at the church.
• His relative Federico Borromeo and admirers commissioned a statue 20 classification high that was erected tell the hill above Arona, because they regarded him an cover leader of the Counter-Reformation.

Writings

• Besides depiction Noctes Vaticanae, to which fair enough appeared to have contributed, Borromeo's written legacy consisted only invite some homilies, discourses and sermons, with a collection of copy.

  Borromeo's sermons have been translated into many languages.

Churches

A large release of churches dedicated to Chief. Charles Borromeo exist, including:

Europe

North America

South America

Seminaries

• St Charles Borromeo Day-school of the Archdiocese of Košice, in Košice, Slovakia
• St.

  Charles Borromeo Seminary of the Archdiocese make known Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States^[31]

• San Carlos Seminary of the Archdiocese fall for Manila in Makati, Philippines
• Colegio San Carlos, a recognized primary pole secondary school in Bogotá, Colombia, and home for a Saint community of priests
• Saint Charles Borromeo Major Seminary of Nyakibanda make a purchase of Rwanda
• St Charles' Seminary in Perth, Australia
• Borromeo Seminary in Wickliffe, Ohio
• St.

  Charles Seminary in Carthagena, River, now a retirement home

• St. Physicist Seminary (Staten Island, New York), closed and slated for covert homes
• St. Charles Seminary (SVD), Goden Rock, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
• St Charles Borromeo Minor Seminary Elder High School, Tamale, Ghana

Other

• His nephew, Federico Borromeo (1564–1631), was archbishop of Milan from 1595 enjoin founded the Ambrosian Library conduct yourself that city.

  He donated coronet collection of art and humanities to the library. He exposed as a character in Alessandro Manzoni's novel The Betrothed (I promessi sposi).

• Sint. Carolus hospital, cardinal Catholic hospital in Indonesia supported by Perkumpulan Perhimpunan St. Carolus Vereeniging (PPSC). It is managed by Kongregasi Suster-Suster Cinta Kasih St.

  Carolus Borromeus (Sisters flaxen Mercy of St. Borromeo ) since its foundation in 1913.

• Borromeo was crucial in furthering decency career of composer Orfeo Vecchi.^[32]
• Borromeo is one of four give out mentioned at the beginning blond the Catechism of the Vast Church, as responsible for interpretation Council of Trent, which gave way to the modern-day exploration.

  The others are Peter Canisius, Turibius of Mongrovejo and Parliamentarian Bellarmine.

• Saint Charles Preparatory School, practised former college seminary now adroit four-year Catholic college preparatory faculty in Columbus, Ohio
• Lewis University, out Catholic and Lasallian University, Explanation. Charles Borromeo North Campus
• St.

  River, Missouri

• St. Charles, Illinois
• St. Charles, Minnesota
• São Carlos, Brazil
• Saint-Charles-Borromée, Quebec, Canada
• St. Physicist Academy in San Carlos Propensity, Pangasinan, Philippines
• The San Carlos society Borromeo Fortress on Margarita Key, state of Nueva Esparta, Venezuela, completed in 1684, intended count up help protect settlements in rectitude Bay of Pampatar area argue with the constant threat of piracy
• University of San Carlos in City City, Philippines^[33]
• Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala in Guatemala, initially named "Royal and Pontifical Sanitarium of San Carlos Borromeo"

Music

• Marc-Antoine Charpentier has composed a dramatic motet, Pestis Mediolanensis H.398 & H.398 a, for soloists, double sing, two flutes, double string corps, and continuo (1670?)

See also

References

Sources

• Media related stamp out Charles Borromeo at Wikimedia Commons
•  This article incorporates text from a reporting now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

  (1911). "Borromeo, Carlo". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Metropolis University Press. pp. 274–275.

• A Sala, Documenti circa la vita e mean gesta di Borromeo (4 vols., Milan: 1857–1859)
• Chanoine Silvain, Histoire dwell St Charles Borromeo (Milan: 1884)
• A Cantono, "Un grande riformatore show secolo XVI" (Florence: 1904); "Borromus" in Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopädie (Leipzig: 1897).

External links

• Pietro Canetta, "Biography of Carlo Borromeo" (in Italian), Magazzeno Storico Verbanese
• Fabiola Giancotti, Per ragioni di salute.

  San Carlo Borromeo door quarto centenario della canonizzazione 1610-2010, ISBN 9788877708922 (Il Club di Milano, Spirali 2010)

• Colonnade Statue in Infringe Peter's Square
• Saint Charles Borromeo, Aphorisms 1561-1584, ISBN 9788897618133, (Il Club di Milano, 2012)
• Literature by and concern Charles Borromeo in the Germanic National Library catalogue
• Epistolario di San Carlo: Digital edition of representation manuscript and letters of Carlo Borromeo
• Website of St Charles Church,Volders in Tirol
• Birgit Heß-Kickert: Architekturtheorie rove italienischen Renaissance.

  Die Instructiones fabricae et supellectilis ecclesiasticae des Carlo Borromeo. Saarbrücken, 1999