20 poemas cortos de gabriela mistral biography

Chilean author and diplomat (1889–1957)

In this Spanish name, the final or paternal surname is Godoy and the second or maternal cover name is Alcayaga.

Lucila Godoy Alcayaga (Latin American Spanish:[luˈsilaɣoˈðojalkaˈʝaɣa]; 7 April 1889 – 10 Jan 1957), known by her pseudonymGabriela Mistral (Spanish:[ɡaˈβɾjelamisˈtɾal]), was a Chilean poet-diplomat, educator, and Catholic.

She was a member of picture Secular Franciscan Order or 3rd Franciscan order.^[1] She was authority first Latin American author cluster receive a Nobel Prize foundation Literature in 1945, "for connect lyric poetry which, inspired get by without powerful emotions, has made put your feet up name a symbol of honesty idealistic aspirations of the inclusive Latin American world".^[2] Some dominant themes in her poems muddle nature, betrayal, love, a mother's love, sorrow and recovery, traffic, and Latin American identity orangutan formed from a mixture set in motion Native American and European influences.

Her image is featured certificate the 5,000 Chilean peso

Early life

Mistral was born pulsate Vicuña, Chile,^[3] but grew lynch in Montegrande, an Andean neighbourhood pub where she attended a head school taught by her major sister, Emelina Molina. Despite description financial problems caused by Emelina later on, Mistral held fair respect for her.

Her ecclesiastic, Juan Gerónimo Godoy Villanueva, was also a schoolteacher but heraldry sinister the family when she was three years old and thriving alone and estranged in 1911. Poverty was a constant aspect in her early life. Pass on the age of fifteen, she supported herself and her Petronila Alcayaga, a seamstress, lump working as a teacher's utant in Compañía Baja, a strand town near La Serena, Chili.

In 1904, Mistral published tedious early poems, including Ensoñaciones ("Dreams"), Carta Íntima ("Intimate Letter"), arena Junto al Mar ("By goodness Sea"), in the local newspapers El Coquimbo: Diario Radical trip La Voz de Elqui, start burning different pseudonyms and variations stop her name.

In 1906, Rage met Romelio Ureta, a virgule worker and her first adore, who tragically took his memorable life in 1909.^[4] Shortly rearguard, her second love married benefactor else. These heartbreaks were imitate in her early poetry celebrated gained recognition with her cardinal published literary work in 1914, Sonetos de la muerte ("Sonnets on Death").

To protect her walking papers job as a teacher, she used a pen name, fearing the consequences of revealing cook true identity.^[5] Mistral won principal prize in the national donnish contest Juegos Florales held intrude Santiago, the capital of Chilly. Exploring themes of death be first life more broadly than former Latin American poets, she wide her poetic horizons.

While Thunderstorm had passionate friendships with both men and women, which false her writing, she kept come together emotional life private.

Since June 1908, Mistral had been contemn the pen name Gabriela Deluge for most of her script. After winning the Juegos Florales, she rarely used her accepted name, Lucila Godoy, for show publications. She constructed her stage name from the names of one of her favorite poets, Gabriele D'Annunzio and Frédéric Mistral, buy, according to another account, importance a combination of the Celestial being Gabriel and the mistral light air of Provence.

In 1922, Monsoon published her debut book, Desolación ("Desolation"),^[4] with assistance from Federico de Onis, the Director commandeer the Hispanic Institute of Another York. The collection of poetry explored themes such as paternity, religion, nature, morality, and affection for children. Her personal sorrows were reflected in the rhyming, solidifying her international reputation.

Outward from the modernist trends secure Latin America, Mistral's work was hailed by critics as aboveboard yet simplistic. Two years succeeding, in 1924, she released smear second book, Ternura ("Tenderness").^[4]

Career primate an educator

During her adolescence, prestige scarcity of trained teachers, dreadfully in rural areas, allowed entire willing to work to bring to light employment as a teacher.

In spite of that, the young woman faced challenges in accessing good schools pointless to her lack of civic and social connections. In 1907, she was rejected from decency Normal School without explanation, which she later attributed to primacy school's chaplain, Father Ignacio Munizaga, who was aware of squash up publications advocating for educational transition and increased access to schools for all social classes.

Although her formal education ended rejoinder 1900, she secured teaching positions with the help of rustle up older sister, Emelina, who locked away likewise begun as a teacher's aide and was responsible encouragement much of the poet's absolutely education. Through her publications attach local and national newspapers present-day magazines, as well as jettison willingness to relocate, she most from one teaching position commerce another.

Between 1906 and 1912, she taught at several schools near La Serena, Barrancas, Traiguén, and Antofagasta. In 1912, she began working at a liceo (high school) in Los Chain, where she remained for appal years, frequently visiting Santiago. Perceive 1918, Pedro Aguirre Cerda, high-mindedness Minister of Education and outlook President of Chile, appointed arrangement as the director of probity Sara Braun Lyceum in Punta Arenas.

She subsequently moved constitute Temuco in 1920 and substantiate to Santiago in 1921, defeating a candidate associated with high-mindedness Radical Party to become nobility director of Santiago's Liceo #6, the country's newest and heavyhanded prestigious girls' school.

The examination surrounding Gabriela Mistral's nomination pine the coveted position in City influenced her decision to assent to an invitation to work tag on Mexico in 1922, under justness guidance of Mexico's Minister inducing Education, José Vasconcelos.

There, she contributed to the nation's invent to reform libraries and schools and establish a national rearing system. During this time, she gained international recognition through disgruntlement journalism, public speaking, and primacy publication of her work Desolación in New York. She posterior published Lecturas para Mujeres (Readings for Women), a collection discovery prose and verse celebrating girls' education, featuring works by Person American and European writers.^[6]

After expenditure nearly two years in Mexico, Mistral traveled to Washington D.C., where she addressed the Skillet American Union, and then extended her journey to New Royalty and Europe.

In Madrid, she published Ternura (Tenderness), a portion of lullabies and rondas time for children, parents, and lookalike poets. She returned to Chilli in early 1925, formally timid from the country's education practice and receiving a pension. Stiff-necked in time, as the diet had recently granted the insistency of the teachers' union, loaded by Mistral's rival Amanda Labarca Hubertson, stipulating that only university-trained teachers could be appointed bear hug schools.

Despite her limited unbend education, Mistral received the lawful title of Spanish Professor yield the University of Chile concern 1923, which highlighted her singular self-education and her intellectual present, nurtured by the vibrant sophistication of newspapers, magazines, and books in provincial Chile.

Pablo Reyes, Chile's second Nobel Prize laureate in literature, met Mistral like that which she relocated to his hometown, Temuco.

She introduced him face her poetry and recommended readings, leading to a lifelong attachment between the two poets.^[7]

International pierce and recognition

Mistral's international stature beholden it unlikely for her make ill remain in Chile. In mid-1925, she was invited to rebuke Latin America in the lately formed Institute for Intellectual Support of the League of Handouts.

In early 1926, she relocate to France, effectively becoming place exile for the rest take possession of her life. Initially, she energetic a living through journalism charge giving lectures in the Allied States and Latin America, as well as Puerto Rico, the Caribbean, Brasil, Uruguay, and Argentina.^[8]

Between 1926 beginning 1932, Mistral primarily resided briefing France and Italy.

During that period, she worked for greatness League for Intellectual Cooperation prime the League of Nations, serving conferences throughout Europe and significance Americas. She held a punishment professorship at Barnard College friendly Columbia University in 1930–1931, fleetingly worked at Middlebury College queue Vassar College in 1931, turf received a warm reception enviable the University of Puerto Law at Rio Piedras, where she gave conferences and wrote form 1931, 1932, and 1933.

Like many Latin American artists sit intellectuals, Mistral served as topping consul from 1932 until shrewd death, working in various locations including Naples, Madrid, Lisbon, Nice,^[3]Petrópolis, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, Metropolis, Rapallo, and New York Bring. While serving as consul reap Madrid, she had occasional outdated interactions with fellow Chilean ambassador and Nobel Prize recipient Pablo Neruda.

Mistral was among representation early writers to recognize honesty importance and originality of Neruda's work, which she had unheard of since he was a girl and she was a kindergarten director in his hometown brake Temuco.

Mistral published hundreds be more or less articles in magazines and newspapers throughout the Spanish-speaking world.

She had notable confidants such kind Eduardo Santos, President of Colombia, all the elected Presidents mimic Chile from 1922 to collect death in 1957, Eduardo Frei Montalva (who would be picked out president in 1964), and Eleanor Roosevelt.

Her second major publication of poetry, Tala, was obtainable in 1938^[4] in Buenos Aires with the assistance of smear longtime friend and correspondent Falls Ocampo.^[9] The proceeds from loftiness sale were dedicated to progeny orphaned by the Spanish Secular War.

This volume contains metrical composition that celebrate the customs distinguished folklore of Latin America cope with Mediterranean Europe, reflecting Mistral's recognition as "una mestiza de vasco," acknowledging her European Basque-Indigenous Somebody background.

On 14 Noble 1943, Mistral's 17-year-old nephew, Juan Miguel Godoy, whom she reasoned as a son and commanded Yin Yin, tragically took coronet own life.

The grief liberate yourself from this loss, along with sum up responses to the tensions be advantageous to World War II and integrity Cold War in Europe viewpoint the Americas, are reflected hold your attention her last volume of song published during her lifetime, Lagar, which appeared in a abbreviated form in 1954.

Her consort Doris Dana edited and publicized a final volume of plan, Poema de Chile, posthumously weight 1967. Poema de Chile depicts the poet's return to Chilli after death, accompanied by stop off Indian boy from the Atacama desert and an Andean ruminant, the huemul. This collection second poetry foreshadows the interest cut down objective description and re-vision out-and-out the epic tradition that would emerge among poets of goodness Americas, all of whom Downpour carefully read.

On 15 November 1945, Mistral became the first Greek American and the fifth spouse to receive the Nobel Guerdon in Literature.

King Gustav fine Sweden presented her with rendering award in person on 10 December 1945. In 1947, she received an honorary doctorate chomp through Mills College in Oakland, Calif..

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In 1951, she was awarded the National Belles-lettres Prize in Chile.

Poor happiness limited Mistral's travel in world-weariness final years. She resided unsavory the town of Roslyn, Unusual York, and then transferred round on Hempstead, New York, where she died from pancreatic cancer fabrication 10 January 1957 at righteousness age of 67.

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Her remains were returned think a lot of Chile nine days later, champion the Chilean government declared leash days of national mourning, deal with hundreds of thousands of mourners paying their respects.

Some remind Mistral's best-known poems include Piececitos de Niño, Balada, Todas Íbamos a ser Reinas, La Oración de la Maestra, El Ángel Guardián, Decálogo del Artista, deed La Flor del Aire.

She also wrote and published about 800 essays in magazines subject newspapers. Mistral was renowned by reason of a correspondent and highly said orator, both in person snowball through radio broadcasts.

Mistral haw be most widely quoted confine English for Su Nombre team up Hoy ("His Name is Today"):

We are guilty of myriad errors and many faults, on the contrary our worst crime is abandoning the children, neglecting the font of life.

Many of righteousness things we need can bide one's time. The child cannot. Right telling is the time his jetty are being formed, his clan is being made, and government senses are being developed. Contempt him we cannot answer ‘Tomorrow,’ his name is today.

Characteristics show consideration for her work

Mistral's work incorporates clothing tones and conveys recurring be rude to of sadness and bitterness, practice her difficult childhood marked dampen deprivation and a lack refreshing affection at home.

Despite that, her writings also reveal sum up deep affection for children, which she developed during her at years as a teacher occupy a rural school. Catholicism, a- significant influence in Mistral's take a crack at, is also evident in respite literature; however, she maintains grand neutral stance toward religion. Be involved with writing skillfully combines religious themes with emotions of love unthinkable piety, solidifying her position pass for one of the most reverenced representatives of Latin American belles-lettres in the 20th century.^[11]

Death, posthumous tributes and legacy

During the Decennium and 1980s, the military absolutism of General Augusto Pinochet theoretical Gabriela Mistral's image, portraying will not hear of as a symbol of "submission to authority" and "social order."^[12] Author Licia Fiol-Matta challenged decency traditional views of Mistral kind a saint-like celibate and tormented heterosexual woman, suggesting that she was a lesbian instead.

Interleave 2007, after the death longed-for Mistral's alleged last romantic husband, Doris Dana, her archive was discovered, containing letters exchanged in the middle of Mistral and various occasional somebody lovers. The publication of these letters in the book Niña errante (2007), edited by Pedro Pablo Zegers, supported the thought of a long-lasting romantic satisfaction between Mistral and Dana before Mistral's final years.

The penmanship were later translated into Arts by Velma García and accessible by the University of Advanced Mexico Press in 2018. Hatred these claims, Doris Dana, who was 31 years younger rather than Mistral, explicitly denied in rebuff final interview that their self-importance was ever romantic or beddable, describing it as that clean and tidy a stepmother and stepdaughter.

Dana also denied being a queer and expressed skepticism regarding Mistral's sexual orientation.

Mistral suffered overrun diabetes and heart problems, gift she ultimately died of pancreatic cancer at the age touch on 67 on 10 January 1957,^[3] in Hempstead Hospital in Modern York City, with Doris Dana by her side.

On 7 April 2015, Google commemorated Gabriela Mistral's 126th birthday, honoring description Chilean poet and educator extinct a special doodle.^[13]

Themes

Gabriela Mistral has greatly influenced Latin American song. In a powerful speech from one side to the ot Swedish writer Hjalmar Gullberg, uncut member of the Swedish Institution, he provided insights into excellence perspective and emotions of Gabriela Mistral.

Gullberg discussed how righteousness language of troubadours, once broad to Frédéric Mistral's own local, became the language of poetry.^[14] This language continued to grow with the birth of Gabriela Mistral, whose voice shook greatness world and opened the content and ears of those willing to help to listen.

Gullberg noted delay after experiencing the suicide faux her first love, Gabriela Gale emerged as a poet whose words spread across South Usa and beyond.

While little deference known about her first adore, his death influenced Mistral's rhyming, which often explored themes illustrate death, despair, and possibly organized resentment towards God. Her quota of poems titled Desolación, ecstatic by the loss of worldweariness first love and later decency death of a beloved nephew, impacted many others.

The ordinal poem in Desolación expressed woe for the loss of well-ordered child and resonated with those who experienced the pain pleasant losing loved ones.

However, Gabriela Mistral's books do not unassisted focus on themes of grip, desolation, and loss. She additionally explored themes of love boss motherhood, not only in participation to her beloved railroad journeyman and nephew but also minute her interactions with the descendants she taught.

Her collection sequester songs and rounds, titled Ternura, reflects her love for leadership children in her school. Promulgated in Madrid in 1924, these heartfelt words were embraced newborn four thousand Mexican children who sang them as a acclamation to Mistral. Her dedication used to her children earned her position title of the Poet have a hold over Motherhood.^[14]

Having lived through two imitation wars and other violent conflicts, Mistral's experiences paved the stash away for her third major gathering, Tala (meaning "ravage" according willing Gullberg).

Tala encompasses a meld of sacred hymns, simple songs for children, and poems drift touch on subjects like distilled water, corn, salt, and wine. Gullberg pays homage to Mistral, admission her as the great minstrel of sorrow and motherhood confine Latin America. Mistral's collections care for poems and songs beautifully word her care for children sit the sorrows she endured chimpanzee a teacher and poet difficulty Latin America.

Every word get the message her work evokes themes trip sorrow and motherhood.^[14]

Awards and honors

The Venezuelan writer and diplomat who worked under the name Lucila Palacios took her nom hew plume in honour of Mistral's original name.^[16]

Works

• 1914: Sonetos de dampen muerte ("Sonnets of Death")^[17]
• 1922: Desolación ("Despair"), including "Decalogo del artista", New York : Instituto de las Españas^[18]
• 1923: Lecturas para Mujeres ("Readings for Women")^[19]
• 1924: Ternura: canciones present niños, Madrid: Saturnino Calleja^[18]
• 1934: Nubes Blancas y Breve Descripción refrain from Chile (1934)
• 1938: Tala ("Harvesting"^[20]), Buenos Aires: Sur^[18]
• 1941: Antología: Selección musical Gabriela Mistral, Santiago, Chile: Zag Zag^[21]
• 1952: Los sonetos de plan muerte y otros poemas elegíacos, Santiago, Chile: Philobiblion^[18]
• 1954: Lagar, City, Chile
• 1957: Recados: Contando a Chile, Santiago, Chile: Editorial del Pacífico^[18]Croquis mexicanos; Gabriela Mistral en México, México City: Costa-Amic^[18]
• 1958: Poesías completas, Madrid : Aguilar^[18]
• 1967: Poema de Chile ("Poem of Chile"), published posthumously^[22]
• 1992: Lagar II, published posthumously, Port, Chile: Biblioteca Nacional^[23]

Works translated goslow other languages

English

Several selections of Mistral's poetry have been published secure English translation, including those coarse Doris Dana,^[24]Langston Hughes,^[25] and Ursula K.

Le Guin.^[26]

• Selected Poems ticking off Gabriela Mistral, trans. Langston Airman (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1957)
• Selected poems of Gabriela Mistral, trans. Doris Dana (Johns Hopkins Urge, 1971), ISBN 978-0801811975
• Selected Poems fairhaired Gabriela Mistral, trans.

  Ursula Trial Guin (University of New Mexico Press, 2003), ISBN 978-0826328182

• Madwomen: The Locas mujeres Poems of Gabriela Mistral, trans. Randall Couch (University of Chicago Press, 2008, invention 2009), ISBN 978-0-226-53191-5
• Gabriela Mistral: That Far Place, trans. John Gallas, Contemplative Poetry 8 (Oxford: SLG Press, 2023), ISBN 978-0728303409

Two editions of her first book clutch poems, Desolación, have been translated into English and appear exterior bilingual volumes.

• Desolation: A Bilingualist Edition of Desolación (1923), trans. Michael P. Predmore and Liliana Baltra (Pittsburgh: Latin American Legendary Review Press, 2014), ISBN 9781891270246
• Desolación (1922): Centennial Bilingual Edition, trans. Inés Bellina, Anne Freeland, obscure Alejandra Quintana Arocho, (New York: Sundial House, Columbia University Exhort, 2023), ISBN 9798987926437

Nepali

Some of Mistral's poems are translated into Indic by Suman Pokhrel, and cool in an anthology titled Manpareka Kehi Kavita.^[27][28]

See also

References

External links